public_comment: "Ethnologue (2016) lists 4 languages in its Mapoyo-Yavarana subgroup of Cariban: Mapoyo [mcg] , Pémono [pev], Tamanaku [tmz], Yabarana [yar]. Other sources differ by considering some of these to be dialects of a single Mapoyo-Yawarana language.
Gildea (personal communication 2014) reports that until we get some more reliable data, it appears that there are/were 3 languages: †Tamanaku, Mapoyo (ethnonym Wanai, dialect †Pémono), and Yawarana (with alternate names Orechicano, Curachicano, Woquiare). (See also Gildea 2013.) Tamanaku is long extinct, with no attested speakers for at least a century, and therefore does not have an entry of its only in this Catalogue. Mapoyo and Yawarana are often considered separate languages, each with its own entry in this Catalogue. However, there were just some old wordlists for Yawarana and almost nothing for Mapoyo. Marie-Claude Mattéi Muller went to the Mapoyo area in the 1970s and collected some data, from which she extracted a Mapoyo wordlist (Mattéi Muller1977a, 1977b). Mattéi-Muller and Henley (1990) published Mattéi-Muller’s comparative wordlists, comparing her Mapoyo data to the published Yawarana words; they found 80% cognacy between the two and suggested maybe they were dialects of a single language. In 1998, Mattéi-Muller did fieldwork with the Yawarana, where she played a 1970s tape of Mapoyo speakers, and the Yawarana speakers (i) had difficulty understanding, but recognized Mapoyo as very closely related, and (ii) recognized the manner of speech as that of an old woman living in an isolated village far upstream. She went to this old speaker, who turned out to be the last speaker of Pémono, which seems to have been a dialect of Mapoyo (Mattéi Muller 2003).
",
private_comment: null,
source_id:89800,
speakers: [
{
id:5426,
code_id:3012,
speaker_number: "10-99",
speaker_number_text: "12",
second_language_speakers: "",
semi_speakers: "a few",
children: "",
young_adults: "",
older_adults: "",
elders: "",
ethnic_population: "365",
date_of_info: "2001",
public_comment: "Data for the number of native speakers comes from the 2001 census.
(Unchanged 2016.)",
private_comment: null,
source_id:1511,
preferred: 0,
},
{
id:5427,
code_id:3012,
speaker_number: "1-9",
speaker_number_text: "3",
second_language_speakers: null,
semi_speakers: null,
children: null,
young_adults: null,
older_adults: null,
elders: null,
ethnic_population: null,
date_of_info: null,
public_comment: null,
private_comment: null,
source_id:1881,
preferred: 0,
},
{
id:9903,
code_id:3012,
speaker_number: "10-99",
speaker_number_text: "~12",
second_language_speakers: "",
semi_speakers: "",
children: "",
young_adults: "",
older_adults: "",
elders: "",
ethnic_population: "365",
date_of_info: "2001",
public_comment: "The 2001 census also registered 12 speakers of Mapoyo, but in this case there are probably actually less than a handful of semi-speakers left.
In 1998 the last elderly female speaker of Pémono lived with the Yabarana in an Upper Majagua village, but the language may be extinct today.
",
private_comment: null,
source_id:87998,
preferred: 0,
},
{
id:13816,
code_id:3012,
speaker_number: null,
speaker_number_text: null,
second_language_speakers: null,
semi_speakers: null,
children: null,
young_adults: null,
older_adults: null,
elders: null,
ethnic_population: null,
date_of_info: null,
public_comment: null,
private_comment: null,
source_id:102,
preferred: 0,
},
{
id:30328,
code_id:3012,
speaker_number: "1-9",
speaker_number_text: "3?",
second_language_speakers: "",
semi_speakers: "",
children: "",
young_adults: "",
older_adults: "",
elders: "",
ethnic_population: "",
date_of_info: "2014",
public_comment: "Mapoyo has 2-3 speakers (both Tania Granadillo and Mattéi Muller each claim to know 2-3 surviving elderly speakers, and it is not clear to me that their lists contain all the same speakers).",
private_comment: null,
source_id:98406,
preferred:1,
},
],
language: {
code_id:3012,
featured: 0,
cached_documentation_score:-1,
google_group_url: "",
simplified_level: "high",
coordinates: "6.0,-67.0",
updated_at: "2018-03-25 01:00:51",
speaker_attitude: "",
government_support: "",
institutional_support: "",
_other_languages_used: "Spanish",
domains_of_use: "Used mainly only in the home and/or with family, and may not be the primary language even in these domains for many community members.",